雅思流程图写作指南：从竹子到成衣的工艺流程

流程图（Flowchart）展示的是客观、重复发生的工业制造或自然演变过程。要写好流程图，核心在于划清阶段，避免写成缺乏逻辑的“流水账”。

一、 核心写作要点

1. 语言特征

• 时态与语态：全文使用一般现在时 + 被动语态（动作执行者在流程中不重要，重点是工序本身）。
• 连接词：大量使用表示逻辑顺序的连接词，确保步骤衔接自然。

2. 结构特征

• 分段逻辑：根据图中步骤的物理或化学形态变化，将其归纳为 2–3 个大阶段，并在概述段（Overview）中进行宏观概括。

二、 流程图写作三步法

第一步：改写原题 (Introduction)

• 原题：

  The diagram below shows how fabric is manufactured from bamboo.

• 改写示范：

  The flowchart illustrates a nine-step process through which bamboo is converted into fabric for clothing.

• 改写要点：
  1. 同义替换：用 illustrates 替换 shows，用 converted 替换 manufactured。
  2. 提取图表信息：补充图中的具体信息，如步骤数量（nine-step）和最终用途（for clothing）。

第二步：撰写概述段 (Overview)

• 概述示范：

  Overall, the procedure can be divided into three main stages: harvesting bamboo plants, extracting and treating fibres, and subsequently spinning and weaving the fibres to create the finished products.

• 核心方法： 将零散的步骤按竹子形态的变化归纳为三个大阶段：
  • 第一阶段（步骤 1–2）：种植与收割（原材料获取阶段）
  • 第二阶段（步骤 3–6）：加工与化学处理（纤维提取阶段）
  • 第三阶段（步骤 7–9）：纺纱织布（成品制造阶段）

  Tip: 若流程图无明显界限，可按步骤数量平均分组，确保宏观逻辑成立。

第三步：细节描述 (Detail Paragraphs)

• 细节段划分原则： 避免产生“单句段”（即一段只有一句话）。由于第一阶段内容较短，写作时将第一阶段与第二阶段合并为一段，第三阶段独立成段，形成“两段式”细节描述。

• 细节描述示范：

  First, bamboo is planted in spring and harvested manually by farmers in autumn. During the second stage, the collected raw bamboo plants are put into machines, where they are cut into strips, and then crushed into liquid pulp. Since the fibres are mixed in the pulp, a filter is applied to separate long fibres from the liquid. Following that, water and amine oxide are added to treat the fibres so that they become soft enough for spinning.

  Moving on to the third stage, the softened fibres are spun into yarns before being woven to produce fabric. In the final step, this fabric is used to manufacture clothes.

三、 高分表达库

1. 顺序连接词

• First (第一步)
• During the second stage (在第二阶段)
• Subsequently / Following that (随后 / 紧接着)
• Moving on to the third stage (过渡到第三阶段)
• In the final step (在最后一步)

2. 经典被动语态

• is planted and harvested (被种植和收割)
• are cut into / are crushed into (被切割成... / 被粉碎成...)
• is applied / are added (被应用 / 被添加)
• are spun / before being woven (被纺成纱 / 在被编织之前)

四、 完整例文

The flowchart illustrates a nine-step process through which bamboo is converted into fabric for clothing.

Overall, the procedure can be divided into three main stages: harvesting bamboo plants, extracting and treating fibres, and subsequently spinning and weaving the fibres to create the finished products.

First, bamboo is planted in spring and harvested manually by farmers in autumn. During the second stage, the collected raw bamboo plants are put into machines, where they are cut into strips, and then crushed into liquid pulp. Since the fibres are mixed in the pulp, a filter is applied to separate long fibres from the liquid. Following that, water and amine oxide are added to treat the fibres so that they become soft enough for spinning.

Moving on to the third stage, the softened fibres are spun into yarns before being woven to produce fabric. In the final step, this fabric is used to manufacture clothes.