地图题（Map / Floor Plan）大概是雅思小作文里最容易把人逼疯的一种。折线图、柱状图好歹有数字能抓，地图题啥数据都没有，很多同学拿到图就懵，写出来的东西经常是"这里有个xx，那里多了个xx"，读着像流水账，没有重点。
今天拿《剑桥雅思21》（Cambridge IELTS 21）Test 2 里一道大学咖啡馆改造平面图来拆一下，教你怎么把这类题写出逻辑，而不是拿着图从左看到右念一遍。
真题回顾与图表解析
剑桥雅思21（Cambridge IELTS 21）Test 2 · Task 1
The plans below show a college café before it was redesigned and how it looks now. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
（下图展示了一间大学咖啡馆改造前后的布局变化。）
这道题来自剑桥雅思21真题集，不是网上流传的机经回忆版，图上每个标注都是官方给的，可以放心拿来练习。
图上到底变了什么
整张图的变化其实就三块，按这个顺序看会清楚很多：
室内怎么变的
原来那个大而全的取餐区（Serving area (all food & drink)），现在拆成了专门的热餐区（Hot meals），西墙那边又隔出一块沙拉吧（Salad bar）——注意这个隔断是在原来的房子范围里做的，不是往外盖房子，这点很多人会写错，等下讲范文的时候还会再提一次。中间偏北那两间带圆桌的员工用餐室，直接改成了对外营业的外卖窗口（Take away food）和咖啡吧（Coffee bar），员工的地盘变成了顾客的地盘。
户外扩了什么
这栋楼真正往外扩建的地方是南边：新增了一大片露天座位（Outdoor seating），西南角还搭了个烧烤区（Barbecue）。这是全图唯一一处突破了原来建筑轮廓线的改动，跟前面室内的重新分区不是一回事，写作时要分清楚。
还有什么细节，什么没动
东墙原来的普通垃圾桶换成了分类回收桶（Recycling bins），算是设施升级。厨房在西北角、卫生间在东南角，这两处改造前后位置完全没变，写作时可以拿它们当参照物，去定位其他区域的方位。
为什么很多人写地图题写成流水账
批改过成百上千篇 Task 1 地图题，我发现拿6分的同学问题大多出在同一个地方：按空间位置想到哪写到哪。
先说左下角有什么，再说右上角变了什么，最后说门口多了什么——考官读完感觉杂乱，抓不住整体。拿高分的写法是按"变化类型"分组：一段专门写室内怎么重新分区，一段专门写户外怎么往外扩，逻辑线一下就出来了。
Overview 怎么提炼
地图题的 Overview 定了整篇文章的基调。别在这里罗列具体的小设施，而是要提炼出宏观的改造方向：
Overall, the café has undergone a comprehensive redesign, subdividing its internal dining and staff areas into specialised food and beverage zones, while also expanding outward to create outdoor seating and barbecue facilities.
（总体而言，该咖啡馆经历了一次全面的重新设计，将内部用餐及员工区域细分为专业化的餐饮区块，同时向外扩建，新增了户外用餐和烧烤设施。）
范文（Band 8.0）
The plans illustrate the changes made to the internal and external layout of a college café following a major redesign.
Overall, the café has undergone a comprehensive redesign, subdividing its internal dining and staff areas into specialised food and beverage zones, while also expanding outward to create outdoor seating and barbecue facilities.
Looking at the interior changes, the former general serving area, which previously provided all food and drink, has been converted into a dedicated hot meals section. Adjacent to this, a section of the western wall has been partitioned off to create a new salad bar. Furthermore, the two staff dining rooms situated in the north-central section were completely repurposed into customer-facing amenities: a take-away food booth and an adjoining coffee bar.
Regarding the external and structural modifications, the café expanded southwards beyond its original building boundary. The new outdoor space now features extensive seating with multiple tables and chairs, alongside a newly installed barbecue area in the south-western corner. Meanwhile, the standard bin along the eastern wall was upgraded to designated recycling bins. Notably, the kitchen in the north-west and the toilets in the south-east remained in their original locations.
地图题常用表达
写地图题，动词和方位词是两大得分点，这几组建议背熟：
改造类：be converted into...（被改造为）、be repurposed into / for...（被重新规划为）、subdivide A into B and C（把A细分为B和C）。比如 The staff rooms were converted into a coffee bar.
扩建类：undergo a comprehensive redesign（经历全面改造）、expand southwards / extend westward（向南/西扩展）、accommodate...（用于容纳）。比如 The café expanded southwards to accommodate the new outdoor seating area.
升级替换类：be replaced / superseded by...（被替代）、be upgraded to...（被升级为）。比如 The bin was upgraded to designated recycling bins.
方位锚定类：be situated / located to the north of...（位于北部）、adjacent to / adjoining...（紧邻）、remain in their original locations（位置保持不变）。
小结
做地图题别急着下笔，两步就够：先找图上没变的锚点（这题里就是厨房和卫生间），当成方位参照系；再把所有变化按"内部重划"和"外部扩建"分类，配上准确的动词，逻辑自然就出来了。