L2.5 流程图 (Process) - 步骤描述
流程图 (Process Diagram) - 步骤描述
流程图与其他图表不同，需要使用被动语态和顺序衔接词来描述步骤。
流程图特点
- 展示一个过程或制造流程
- 步骤之间有明确的先后顺序
- 可能是线性流程或循环流程
语法要点
1. 时态选择
- 描述一般性过程：使用一般现在时
- 描述过去的过程（如古代工艺）：使用一般过去时
2. 被动语态
流程的主体通常是"物料"而非"人"，所以被动语态是必需的。
| 主动 → 被动 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| Workers collect raw materials. | Raw materials are collected. |
| A machine heats the mixture. | The mixture is heated by a machine. |
| They package the product. | The product is packaged. |
顺序衔接词
开始阶段
- Initially / At the first stage / First of all
- The process begins with...
- To begin with, ...
中间阶段
- Subsequently / Next / Then / After that
- Following this, ...
- Once this is done, ...
- At the next stage, ...
结束阶段
- Finally / Lastly / In the final stage
- The process ends with... / culminates in...
- The finished product is then...
核心动词（被动语态）
| 动词 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| is collected / gathered | 收集 | Raw materials are collected. |
| is transported / transferred | 运输/转移 | The mixture is transferred to a tank. |
| is processed / treated | 加工/处理 | The water is treated with chemicals. |
| is heated / cooled | 加热/冷却 | The liquid is heated to 100°C. |
| is mixed / combined | 混合 | The ingredients are mixed together. |
| is stored / kept | 储存 | The product is stored in a warehouse. |
| is packaged / wrapped | 包装 | The goods are packaged for distribution. |
范文结构
开头段
The diagram illustrates the process of producing chocolate from cocoa beans.
概述段
Overall, there are eight main stages in the chocolate-making process, beginning with harvesting cocoa pods and ending with the packaging of chocolate bars.
细节段（按顺序描述）
At the first stage, ripe cocoa pods are harvested from trees and the beans are extracted. Subsequently, the beans are fermented for several days and then dried in the sun. Once fully dried, they are transported to a chocolate factory.
In the factory, the beans are first roasted at high temperatures and then crushed to produce cocoa nibs. Following this, the nibs are ground into a paste called cocoa liquor. Finally, sugar and milk are added, and the mixture is moulded into chocolate bars before being packaged for sale.
循环流程图
如果流程是循环的（如水循环），注意：
- 找到一个合理的起点开始描述
- 使用 "returns to..." 或 "the cycle repeats" 结束
常见错误
[!CAUTION]
- ❌ 使用主动语态（如 "Workers collect..."）
- ❌ 遗漏步骤或打乱顺序
- ❌ 缺乏衔接词导致步骤关系不清
format_list_bulleted课程大纲
共 6 个核心模块