客观论述：被动语态 (Passive Voice)

在学术写作中，为了强调“动作”本身或保持“客观性”，我们常使用被动语态。

1. 为什么要用被动语态？

• 隐藏主语（当主语是泛指的 people/government 时）：
  • Active: People should take action. (有点口语)
  • Passive: Action should be taken. (更正式)
• 强调受格：
  • Active: Use solar energy to replace fossil fuels.
  • Passive: Fossil fuels should be replaced by solar energy. (重点是“化石燃料”)

2. 高频被动句型

A. 提出建议/解决方案

• It is suggested that... (建议...)
• Measures should be implemented to... (应该实施措施去...)
• Action must be taken to... (必须采取行动去...)

B. 陈述事实/观点

• It is generally believed that... (人们普遍认为...)
• It cannot be denied that... (不可否认的是...)
• It is often argued that... (人们常争论...)
• ... is considered to be... (...被认为是...)

3. 练习

把主观句改为客观句：

1. We must solve the problem. → The problem must be solved.
2. Government should spend more money on art. → More money should be spent (by the government) on art.