L2.6 地图题 (Map) - 方位与变迁
地图题 (Map) - 方位与变迁
地图题考察空间描述能力，通常展示一个地区在不同时间的变化。
地图题类型
| 类型 | 描述 | 时态 |
|---|---|---|
| 选址对比 | 比较两个可能的地点 | 一般现在时 |
| 历史变迁 | 展示过去与现在的变化 | 混合时态 |
| 规划设计 | 展示现状与未来规划 | 现在时 + 将来时 |
方位词汇
1. 基本方位
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| in the north / south / east / west | 在北/南/东/西边 |
| in the north-east / south-west corner | 在东北/西南角 |
| in the centre / middle | 在中央 |
| at the top / bottom of the map | 在地图顶部/底部 |
| on the left / right side | 在左/右边 |
2. 相对位置
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| to the north of... | 在...的北边 |
| adjacent to / next to | 毗邻 |
| opposite (to) | 对面 |
| near / close to | 靠近 |
| along the river / road | 沿河/路 |
| surrounding / around | 周围 |
变化动词
1. 建造与拆除
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| was constructed / built / erected | 被建造 |
| was demolished / knocked down / removed | 被拆除 |
| was replaced by... | 被...取代 |
| gave way to... | 让位于... |
2. 扩展与缩减
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| was extended / expanded / enlarged | 被扩建 |
| was reduced in size | 面积缩小 |
| doubled / tripled in size | 面积翻倍/三倍 |
3. 功能改变
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| was converted into... | 被改建成... |
| was transformed into... | 被改造成... |
| was renovated / redeveloped | 被翻新/重新开发 |
4. 保持不变
| 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| remained unchanged / intact | 保持不变 |
| was retained | 被保留 |
范文结构
开头段
The two maps illustrate changes in the town of Oldville between 1980 and 2020.
概述段
Overall, the town underwent significant development, with farmland giving way to residential and commercial areas. The most notable change was the construction of a shopping centre in the east.
细节段 - 1980
In 1980, the town was largely rural. Farmland dominated the eastern half, while a small residential area occupied the west. A river flowed through the centre, with a bridge connecting the two sides. A school was located in the north-east corner.
细节段 - 2020
By 2020, the landscape had changed dramatically. The farmland in the east was replaced by a large shopping centre and a car park. The residential area expanded northward, with new houses built along the river. The original school remained, but a new hospital was constructed to its south. Additionally, a second bridge was built further downstream.
选址对比技巧
如果题目是两个地点的选址对比：
- 分别描述两个地点的优势和劣势
- 考虑：交通便利性、周边环境、面积大小等
常见错误
[!WARNING]
- ❌ 只使用 "is" / "was"，缺乏变化动词
- ❌ 方位描述不清或前后矛盾
- ❌ 遗漏重要的建筑变化
format_list_bulleted课程大纲
共 6 个核心模块