逻辑粘合：非谓语动词 (Participles)

非谓语动词（Present Participle -ing / Past Participle -ed）是精简句子、增加逻辑流畅度的神器。

1. 结果状语 (-ing)

用于句末，表示前一句话自然导致的结果。这是 Task 2 中使用频率极高的句型。

• Structure: Sentence, doing...
• Example: The factory dumped waste into the river. This killed the fish. → The factory dumped waste into the river, killing the fish.
• Example: House prices rose sharply, forcing many people to move out. (forcing 表示 rose sharply 的结果)

2. 方式/伴随状语 (-ing)

• Example: The government responded quickly, implementing strict rules. (通过实施严格规则来回应)

3. 过去分词做后置定语 (-ed)

相当于省略了 which is/are 的定语从句。

• Example: The money spent on space exploration could be used elsewhere. (= The money which is spent...)
• Example: The problems caused by pollution are severe.

4. 实战练习

合并句子：

• Technology saves time. Technology allows us to focus on other things. → Technology saves time, allowing us to focus on other things.